Centrifugal hammer



Patented y May 19, l925.

` i v Geenen P. LUoAs',foFJERsEY-orr NEWJERSEY..

' oENTnIFuGALiHAM-MER.

Application filed August 19,- 1922. 'Serial No. 582,887.-

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Be it known that l, Gnouor P.. LUCAS. a

citizen ot the United States of America, re

siding at Jersey City, county of Hudson, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefull Improvements in Centrifugal Hammers, ot' which the following is a specilira-tiem Ihisii'ivention relates to centrifugal ham-L mers.

.More particularly, an object of this invention is to-provide an improved form of hammer for mills and crushing machines of the centrifugal type whereby superior results v are obtained in the 'stability of the hammer and increased life in use.

A further object ofthe 'invention is to.

provide the hammer with ahead removablv and preferably relatively rigidly connected to the arm of thehammer and arranged to effect improved crushing action on the coal or like material with which the millor crushing machine is charged. v

A furtheiobject of the-invention iste provide an improved form of'joint between the removable head-and the 'arm whereby yand thereby obviate the serious difhcult arising upon the heads of the l1a1nmer.fly

v the rebounding and reaction forces arising upon encountering the materia-l Ato be crushed are at an angle to the pla-nerofthe connecting joint of the head wlth the arm,

mg olt. l

lVith the above` stated objects and other objects in view, an approved form of my in- ..vention,. usually utilized in, afcrushing `mill .embodying v-eo nfipartment finto which coal'. or other material is subJected to crushing 'i A action. comprising crushing means mounted on a. suitable centrifuga-1 device, such crushing means comprising a .plurality of hammer's each of which embodies an arm pivotally mounted at its one end to the centrifvugal device and carrying at its other end a` head havin a weighted end portion constructed to irectly impact the,lumps or particles of coal and is jointed to the arm l bya connection, the flanges of which ex- Vtenth-indirect-ions at an angle to the-.directions of 'the forces of reaction and of re bound whereby the absence of -shearlng' forces substantially in ythe directions of the extension of the joints is effected.

Further objects andfeatures of thefinvention will vbe morefully understood from the 55 following detail'description and theaocom l panying drawings, in which;

Fig. 1 is a. side elevational perspective view of a preferred fornrof crushingmachine embodying my invention` with -eer 60 tain of the forward portions of the machine shown as removed to revealhidden parts;

Fig.v 2 is a sideelevational, perspective view of Fig. 1, on a somewhat reduced scale;

Fig. 3 is a detail portion of the centri igal mounting means and showing `al number of the hammers' thereon in paive position;

-Fig 4 -is a perspective view of one forni ot' hammer rhaving a longitudinal tongnei',D

and groove connection formingthejoints, disposed in predetermined relation to the hammer head; Figs. 5 and 6 are perspective views respectively of the head and the arm shown in Fig-fig y Fig. 7 is a. perspective view of a modified form ot'hammer, similar to Fig. 4, on a reduced soaleg, Figs. 8 and 9'are' perspective views respectively ot' the head and of the arm of the-hammer shown in Fig. 7

. a Fig. 10 1s a perspec-tlve view of a further yl modified form of hammer.' having itshea-d and arm jointed by lateral tongue and 'grooved connection;.Figs. 11 and 12 are perspective views respectively of the head S5 andpf .the arm of .Filiuofv the hammer shown in '113 fis.l a {sidefl elevation Yof j a.' further vi'uo'difi'edform of hammer,A similar to 'that `showngln Fig. v10* but on a.:reduced scale ;I.90'

perspective views of e Fig. 13.

the head and yarm'oii the hammer shown in Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and, the crushing 9.5

machine .illustrated herein vis Generally of anyapproved type suitable `for crushing vcoaland other material and provided with 'an outer caslnjgQO ofappropriate--construche; `10U tion 'toenclosesubstantially on movable parts of the machine.l biutably mounted in themaehine forcenval1' sides rspective view of a 65 n.. Ji).

trifugal propulsion, there is provided the main shaft 2l mounted in opposite bearings 22, suitably driven by a. train of gearing 23 actuated from the pulley 24, connected by a belt .orotherwise to an engine, motor, shai'ting or the like.

Generally, in such types of crushing machines, the coal 25,. see Fig. l, is charged from above through the chute opening 26 located at the topI and at one side ofthe main shaft 2l, and the coal 25 is `fe'd downwardly onthe curved 'screen' towardwhe hammers, more particularly described hereina'frer. or subjected vto agitation, and the `portions material crushed nponbeingireduced fto editable ineness. dropthrongh ltlftescreen and 'are `discharged tromthe crushing mw chine, usually through a diete lextending -frinnthe bottom 28^-of `the lmachine and throngh 'to 'a lowerA door.

The oppcsiteiy disped, 'fumier balfies 28 and lower 'baiiies 5% `are ofthe usual construction.

The doors 3l afford inspection ol the in teror ot the machine.

The yc'entrifngal lmember 32,-see Figs. l and 3, comprises usually spaced plates 33 respectively 'fixed on the main shaft 2l by keys or the like, ing between the lates v33 are the series of rods34 passing t, irough a set ,of Ycircular-ly disposed, uniformly spaced openings in the i respective plates 33. The rods 34 are re- '-movably locked to the plates 33by means ofnuts 35 or the like.

@n each rod 34 see Fig'. l, are freely pivotaliy mounted -a' series ot hammers 36,

such 'as ofthe t-jf'pe'shown in Fig. 4; each herinner comprises'anarm'iport'ion 37, see 'the Lopening 38 at one end through which extends a rod 34. At,l the opposite end of the-erin 37 is provided 'the lia-miner head 39 o -a construction more particniarly set forth lieneinatter.I

in 'the type of hammer shown in Fig. 4,

:and illustrated-in detail in Figs. 5 and (i,

f the connection between the hammer head I :muy hereof,

39 and its arm 37 is formed of thetongue 4() extending longitudinally at the end poftion 4l ofthe arm 37 vand substantially cen- ;hich tongue -coacts with.

l the.. groove 42 extending longitudinally with- ,43, see 'Fi-g. 5 of 1, Such connection :further 1 joint indicate'dfat 47 of the hammer 39-extendintransversely to the suitaces l45, 46,' prefere vin the hammer,

Aend portion 4l of the arm 37 is thickened adjacent the edges ofthe Hat surfaces 43,

head 39. Preferably, the

44, see Fig. G g on ,opposite sides of the tongue 40"7 which fiat 4surfaces 43,44 when the head 3)fisjointed with its arm 37, res actively with the Hat sur aces 45,

make a 'snug tit.

i the ham-mer head 3S).

comprises' the formed' byffa portion lyat right an- Snch 'screen 27 maybe stationary and secured to and extend porti'ons of the -hammer shown in Figs.

gles thereto and having the exposed flat4 surfaces 48, see Fig. 5 for engagement with the nents of the forces ot impact sustained by thehead upon encountering lumps of coal :or other material, are transmitted in direction substantially at right angles to the aces-48-49 and 43-45 and Ll446, thereby eliminating substantially Iall tendency of J' shear inrespect to the tongue 43 of the arm 37 and thematerial of the head 39 disposed onopposibe sides of the groove 42.

It will 'further be noted that by reason of. the extension ot the terminal port-ion 50, 4 and 5, of the hammer head proper 39, laterally of the direction of length ot its arm 37, the effective leverage o'l' the hammer'head is increased Without substantial longitudinal extension4 ot the hammer as a whole.

It' desired, as shown Iin Fig. 4,'the'tongue 4() of the arm 37 'is locked -withthe sides of the groove 42 of the head w by means of a pin 5l passing through `the opening "52, see 6, in the tongue 40 andalso through the oppositely disposed openings 53, see Fig. 5 (one only shown) of the sides of the groove portion 42 ofthe head 39. f

In the modification shown in Figs, 7, 8

and 9, the tongue of the joint connection is located ou the head andthe groove in the arm; vasis shown in these-figures, the head 39 isprovided `with the tongue portion' 55 located substantially centrally atthe joint port-ionot t e head and the'arm 37 is lprovided with the grooved portion I56, the groove 57 of *which is 1erre d to receive -the'tongnev 55. A pin 58,-see `ig. 7, extends through the oppositely disposed openings 59, see Fig. thegroove portion 56 ot the erm 37 and also through the opening 60, see Fig. 8, ofthe tongue 57 Ofv the head 39. 'Otherwisv thze 9 8 and 9 correspond to similar portions of the hammer shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 and like reference numbers-are employedto indicate like parts.

` `.'l`he hammer shown in Figs. 10, 1l and is the general formationand constructionsimilar to the modifications herelnabovede'- scribed; however, the arrnv37 is-j0inted 'with the head 39 by a lateraltongue and .groove coimection. Inv the torm of the modifica- 9, (one only being shown) in tion Ishown in these lign-res, the tonguesv are 4 'arranged in pairs 62,63, see Figll, and ar'- ranged on opposite sides of the slot'64;"itlhe groove connection is corres ondingly ar- 'ranged as a pair 'of grooves 5, 66, see Fig.

lao

. 12, on opposite 'sides of the integral .portion brought into j As stated above,

67. .Below the slot 64 is also provided the enlarge 1 slot v68,'see Fig. 11, for reception of the enlarged endportion 69, see Fig.`12, of the arm37. As will appear in Fig. 10, upon. .jointing the arm 37'With the head 39, the joints of the tongue 62, 63 are made with .the respective slots 65, 66 and as Well of the enlarged slot 68. This modification conforms otherwise similarly to the modifications hereinabove described and like parts are designated by like reference numbers. The pin 7 0 bonds the arm 37 to the head 39.

vIn the modification shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 15, the arm 37 is thickened at its end portion 71 which is provided with a slot 72 forreceiving the tongue 73 secured to and projecting freely from the'lface 48 of the transverse joint portion 47. Upon assembly of the head 39 on the end of the arm 37, the face 74 of the thickened portion 71' is l close engagement with the face 48. of the joint portion 47 ofthe head 39 and the end face 75 of the thickened portion 71 of the arm 37 isV brought into snug fit with the end face 7 6 of the head pro er 39.

The pin 77 passing through suitab e registeringopenings secures the tongue 73 in the slot 72 of the thickened end portioiif'l of the arm 37. j'

each individual hammer of any of the above described typesis loosely pivotally mounted on a rod of the sets of rods 34 ofthe centrifugal mechanism comprising the spaced plates 32 fixed on the shaft 21. When the shaft 21 is quiescent,

the hammers hang passively as is indicated in Fig. 2 and a set of rods .90 are provided and mounted similarly to and arranged alternately with the set of rods 34, tolimit t-lie passive position-inwardly relatively to the shaft 21.`

Upon rotation of the shaft 21 say in the direction of t-he arrow 91,' see Fig. 1, the hammers swing out to greater and greater extent upon increased centrifugal speed and 'upon feeding coal in lumps or other 4lumped material to the centrifugal mechanism, the individual-heads 39 of the hammers encounter the lumps, and upon impact withA the same, break or crumble the material to the desired degree.

The forces of reaction to which the heads 39 and arms 37 are subjected are resolvable in directions at right angles to the planes of the joints of the connection between' the head 39 of any hammer and its arm 37, thereby relieving the tongue-and slot interconnecting parts of all shearing forces.

lt will also be noted that the locating of the Weighted end portion enhances the mo-I mentum of each hammer individually for any certain speed of. rotation of the shaft 21 and its centrifugal mechanism.

its entire length,

use the Wear is limited to the enlarged or.

the liannners, thereby rel, of eflective wear and niaterially prolonging the average period of' contact faces of ducing the extent use of the hammers and `accordingly ex` tending the period of continuance of use of the machine as a whole, of replacement or repair heads arises.

Whereas, I have illustrated my invention by reference .to several modifications thereof, it will be understood that many changes may be made and particularly as to the form' of the joint connection, without departing from the scope of the invention by the appended claims.

I claim.

1. 'A hammer for a centrifugal device comprising an arm provided adjacent one end thereof with an opening for pivotal suspension, said arm extending at one ofits lateral faces substantially rectilinearly for the opposite end of said arm .having a projection, anda removable headl formed of material of greater refractory character than the material of said arm, said head having at one end thereof a groove extending substantially the full length of said opposite end of said arm constructed to be received within said projection of said arm, said head :further including a projection extending laterally of said arm when said head is assembled on said arm and in face to face engagement with said lateral longitudinally extendingl face of said arm.

2. .A hammer for al centrifugal device comprising an arm provided adjacent one end thereof With an' opening for pivotal suspension, said arm extending-at one of its lateral faces saibstantiallyK rectilinearly for its entire length, the opposite end of said arm having a projection', and a removable head formed of material of greater refractory character than the material of said arm, said head having at one end thereof a groove extending substantially the full length of said opposite end of said arm constructed to be received within said projection of said arm,said head further including a projection extending laterallY of said arm when said head is assembled on .said arm and in face to with said lateral longitudinally` extending face of said arm, the free end of said head being enlarged vandv extending laterally and in advance of said rectilinear lateral face of said aiin.

hammer for a centrifugal device com-- prising an arm provided adjacent one end of the hammer vas defined types of hammers,` heads of the hambefore the need face engagement.. f

thereof with an opening for pivotal sus- .pens1011,.sa1d .ann extendlng at one .of .its

lateral faces substantially reetilinearly for,

itsentire-length, the .opposite end of said armA having a projection, and a removable head formed of material of greater refraetory character than the material of sain 211111,' said head having at one end thereof a--groove extending substantially the full' length of said-opposite `end and constructed to he received within Said pro'ejetion of said arm, said head further nclu tion extending laterally of said arm when said head is .assembled on said arm and in face to face engagement with said lateral lngitudinallyextending face of s'ad arm. In testimony whereof'l have signed this specieation this 28th day .Of July 1922.

GEORGE P. LUCAS.

ing a projee- 

